{"id":1109,"date":"2025-12-08T15:22:54","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T13:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/?page_id=1109"},"modified":"2026-03-06T11:05:45","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T09:05:45","slug":"lung-cancer-surgery","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-surgery\/","title":{"rendered":"Lung Cancer Surgery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_754915910\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n  <div id=\"page-header-159529024\" class=\"page-header-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"page-title dark simple-title\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"page-title-inner container align-center text-center flex-row-col medium-flex-wrap\" >\n              <div class=\"title-wrapper is-larger flex-col\">\n          <h1 class=\"entry-title mb-0\">\n            Lung Cancer Surgery          <\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"title-content flex-col\">\n        <div class=\"title-breadcrumbs pb-half pt-half\"><\/div>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n       <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_754915910 {\n  padding-top: 15px;\n  padding-bottom: 15px;\n  background-color: #3c338e;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_2125870594\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-548649023\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-295353244\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<p>Lung cancer surgery is a treatment method planned according to the stage of the disease and the location of the tumor, aiming to surgically remove the cancerous tissue. It can be performed with different techniques such as lobectomy, pneumonectomy, and segmentectomy. The aim is the complete removal of the cancer.<\/p>\n<p>The eligibility criteria for surgery and the preparation process are determined by evaluating the patient\u2019s respiratory capacity, heart health, extent of tumor spread, and overall performance score. During this process, advanced examinations such as PET-CT, bronchoscopy, and pulmonary function tests are performed.<\/p>\n<p>The postoperative recovery process and follow-up vary depending on individual factors. Patients usually stay in the hospital for a few days, and the recovery process is supported with breathing exercises and physical activity. The risk of recurrence is monitored with regular check-ups, and additional treatments are planned if necessary.<\/p>\n<p>Complications and long-term outcomes are shaped according to the surgical technique, the patient\u2019s age, and accompanying diseases. Complications such as infection, bleeding, and air leak may occur after surgery. Survival rates increase significantly in surgeries performed at an early stage.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Things You Need to Know<\/td>\n<td>Information<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Definition<\/td>\n<td>Lung cancer surgery is the surgical removal of the cancerous tissue in the lung. It is generally performed on patients diagnosed at an early stage (stage I\u2013II) or those with limited local spread.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Purpose<\/td>\n<td>To control the disease by completely removing the tumor, prolong life expectancy, and provide a cure in some patients.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Eligibility Criteria<\/td>\n<td>The tumor must be resectable, there must be no distant metastasis, the patient\u2019s respiratory and cardiac reserves must be suitable for surgery, and the general health condition must be good.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Surgical Methods<\/td>\n<td>Lobectomy: The most commonly applied method; removal of one lung lobe. Pneumonectomy: Removal of the entire lung. Segmentectomy or wedge resection: Limited surgery; for early-stage, small lesions.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Surgical Techniques<\/td>\n<td>Open surgery (thoracotomy), video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), or robotic surgery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Preparation Process<\/td>\n<td>Pulmonary function tests, cardiac evaluation (ECG, ECHO), imaging (CT, PET-CT), bronchoscopy, blood tests, anesthesia approval.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Duration of Surgery<\/td>\n<td>Although it varies according to the type of surgery performed, it may take an average of 2\u20135 hours.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hospital Stay<\/td>\n<td>An average of 5\u201310 days. This period may be shorter in minimally invasive methods.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Recovery Process<\/td>\n<td>Rest and restriction of physical activity are required during the first few weeks after surgery. The full recovery process may vary between 4\u20138 weeks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Complications<\/td>\n<td>Bleeding, infection, air leak, pneumonia, bronchopleural fistula, respiratory failure, heart rhythm disorders, embolism.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Postoperative Treatment<\/td>\n<td>According to the pathology results, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy may be planned (adjuvant treatment).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Follow-up and Control<\/td>\n<td>Regular radiological imaging, monitoring of tumor markers, physical examination, evaluation of respiratory functions.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Alternative Treatments<\/td>\n<td>For patients not suitable for surgery, options such as radiotherapy (SBRT), systemic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are available.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Decision-Making Process<\/td>\n<td>A personalized treatment plan is made through evaluation in a multidisciplinary tumor board (thoracic surgery, oncology, radiology, pathology, etc.).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Prognosis<\/td>\n<td>It depends on factors such as the stage of the tumor, histological type, success of the surgery, and response to adjuvant treatment. Long-term survival rates are high in successful surgeries performed at early stages.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-295353244 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -40px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_2125870594 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_734967415\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-742366807\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1437423176\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\" style=\"background-color:#3c338e;\" >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1924710679\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-2017476161\" class=\"col medium-4 small-12 large-4\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner dark\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1283562151\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"776\" src=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/hakkimdagorsel.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/hakkimdagorsel.webp 525w, https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/hakkimdagorsel-271x400.webp 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1283562151 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-2017476161 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -20px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-734501226\" class=\"col medium-8 small-12 large-8\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner dark\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div id=\"text-1439776265\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\n\n<div>Prof. Dr. <strong>Alper F\u0131nd\u0131k\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-1439776265 {\n  font-size: 2rem;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #text-1439776265 {\n    font-size: 2.25rem;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"gap-966954814\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-966954814 {\n  padding-top: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<p>I was born in Istanbul in 1973. I completed my primary education at Erzincan \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Primary School and my secondary and high school education at Erzurum Anatolian High School. I completed my university education at Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine between 1992\u20131998. Afterwards, I completed my specialization between 1998\u20132003 at the Istanbul Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic. I worked as a specialist at the same hospital for 1 year.<\/p>\n<p>Between 2004\u20132005, I fulfilled my military service at G\u00fclhane Military Medical Academy. In 2005, I started working as a lecturer at Ba\u015fkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery. I became an associate professor in 2014 and a professor in 2022.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I started working at Ac\u0131badem Hospital in 2024.<\/strong><\/p>\n<a href=\"\/en\/about-me\/\" class=\"button white is-outline\" style=\"border-radius:99px;\">\n\t\t<span>About Me<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send\/?phone=905457705745\" class=\"button success\" style=\"border-radius:99px;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t<span>WhatsApp<\/span>\n\t<i class=\"icon-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a>\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-734501226 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -20px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1437423176 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 30px 20px 0px 20px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n  border-radius: 20px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-1437423176 > .col-inner {\n    padding: 30px 30px 0px 30px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_734967415 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_965480539\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-805746925\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1450855841\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-surgery\/#What_Is_Lung_Cancer_Surgery\" >What Is Lung Cancer Surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-surgery\/#How_Is_the_Decision_for_Lung_Cancer_Surgery_Made_and_By_Whom\" >How Is the Decision for Lung Cancer Surgery Made and By Whom?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-surgery\/#How_Does_the_Stage_of_the_Disease_Affect_Surgical_Options\" >How Does the Stage of the Disease Affect Surgical Options?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-surgery\/#Which_Tests_Should_Be_Done_Before_Surgery\" >Which Tests Should Be Done Before Surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-surgery\/#How_Much_of_the_Lung_Will_Be_Removed_Lobectomy_or_Segmentectomy\" >How Much of the Lung Will Be Removed: Lobectomy or Segmentectomy?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-surgery\/#Why_Are_Robotic_Surgery_and_Closed_Methods_Preferred\" >Why Are Robotic Surgery and Closed Methods Preferred?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-surgery\/#Why_Is_the_Removal_of_Lymph_Nodes_Important\" >Why Is the Removal of Lymph Nodes Important?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-surgery\/#Is_Surgery_Possible_in_Advanced-Stage_Tumors\" >Is Surgery Possible in Advanced-Stage Tumors?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-surgery\/#What_Is_the_Postoperative_Recovery_Process_Like\" >What Is the Postoperative Recovery Process Like?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-surgery\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" >Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_Lung_Cancer_Surgery\"><\/span>What Is Lung Cancer Surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Lung Cancer Surgery is the surgical removal of the malignant tumor detected in the lung and, when necessary, the surrounding tissues. It is the main treatment method in early-stage patients and has a curative purpose. Different surgical techniques such as lobectomy, segmentectomy, or pneumonectomy may be performed. Preoperative staging is of great importance. It can increase survival in suitable patients and may be planned together with other treatment methods.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Is_the_Decision_for_Lung_Cancer_Surgery_Made_and_By_Whom\"><\/span>How Is the Decision for Lung Cancer Surgery Made and By Whom?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Recommending surgery to a patient is never a decision made in five minutes at the outpatient clinic door. Lung cancer is a biologically complex disease that can behave differently in each individual. Therefore, the treatment roadmap is drawn not by the initiative of a single doctor but by a &#8220;Multidisciplinary Oncology Council&#8221; where different specialties come together. This council is a safety circle established to leave no room for error and to find the most ideal path for the patient.<\/p>\n<p>In this council, the surgeon, medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, pulmonologist, radiologist, nuclear medicine specialist, and pathologist gather around the same table. The patient\u2019s imaging, biopsy results, respiratory tests, and general condition are discussed in detail. Each specialist evaluates the risks and advantages from their own perspective.<\/p>\n<p>The main factors evaluated by this council are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The exact location of the tumor<\/li>\n<li>The size of the tumor<\/li>\n<li>The status of spread to the lymph nodes<\/li>\n<li>The patient\u2019s respiratory capacity<\/li>\n<li>Heart health<\/li>\n<li>General performance status<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If the council concludes that the disease can be completely removed by surgery and that the patient can tolerate this process, a surgical decision is made. Sometimes the disease may be at an advanced stage or the tumor may be very large. In such cases, the council may determine a strategy of first shrinking the tumor with drug therapy (chemotherapy or smart drugs) and then operating. This is called &#8220;neoadjuvant treatment.&#8221; In other words, the decision for surgery is shaped individually by team intelligence according to the patient\u2019s current condition and imaging.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Does_the_Stage_of_the_Disease_Affect_Surgical_Options\"><\/span>How Does the Stage of the Disease Affect Surgical Options?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The most important parameter determining the extent and type of procedure to be performed in lung cancer is &#8220;staging.&#8221; In the medical world, we use a universal language called the TNM system. This system tells us how much the tumor (T) has grown, whether it has spread to the lymph nodes (N), and whether it has metastasized to other organs (M). Before entering the operating room, the surgeon clarifies this map in their mind.<\/p>\n<p>In the group we call early stage, the tumor is still small and has not shown significant spread to the lymph nodes. This group is the ideal candidate for surgical treatment and the group with the highest chance of success. Here, the aim is to remove the tumor while preserving the lung tissue as much as possible. However, if the disease has reached the stage we call &#8220;locally advanced,&#8221; meaning the tumor has grown and come into contact with the chest wall, ribs, or windpipe, the surgical plan changes completely. In this case, it is not enough to remove only part of the lung; the adjacent tissues to which the tumor is attached must also be cleared and, if necessary, those regions must be reconstructed.<\/p>\n<p>Some of the examinations used during the staging process are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Computed Tomography<\/li>\n<li>PET\/CT<\/li>\n<li>Brain MRI<\/li>\n<li>Bronchoscopy<\/li>\n<li>EBUS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These examinations guide us. If the cancer has spread to distant organs (such as the brain or bones), meaning it has become Stage 4, the priority is generally systemic drug therapies. However, if the tumor is only within the chest cavity and is technically resectable, surgery is always the strongest option on the table.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_Tests_Should_Be_Done_Before_Surgery\"><\/span>Which Tests Should Be Done Before Surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In a patient diagnosed with cancer, the technical feasibility of surgery may not mean that the patient can tolerate the surgery. Since lung surgeries directly intervene with the body\u2019s oxygenation mechanism, the patient\u2019s physiological reserves, that is, endurance, must be measured very well. For us surgeons, the success of surgery is not only removing the tumor but also ensuring that the patient maintains a quality life without shortness of breath with the remaining lung.<\/p>\n<p>For this purpose, one of the most critical tests performed is Pulmonary Function Tests and especially the DLCO test. DLCO is a sensitive parameter that measures how efficiently the lungs can transfer oxygen taken from the air into the blood. A patient may appear to breathe comfortably normally, but if the DLCO value is low, the risk of postoperative complications is high.<\/p>\n<p>The examinations routinely requested before surgery are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pulmonary function test<\/li>\n<li>DLCO diffusion test<\/li>\n<li>Cardiological echocardiography<\/li>\n<li>Complete blood count<\/li>\n<li>Kidney and liver tests<\/li>\n<li>Blood group analysis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If the patient\u2019s lung capacity turns out to be borderline, we do not immediately give up on surgery. In this case, we perform more advanced exertion tests (stair climbing test or cardiopulmonary exercise test). We also mathematically predict whether the remaining tissue will be sufficient for the patient by calculating how much of the lung will be removed. These calculations enable us to choose the most appropriate surgical method without putting the patient at risk.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1450855841 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -40px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_965480539 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1609486593\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-446740420\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-2101853711\" class=\"col iletisim-sayfas\u0131-col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"is-border\"\n\t\tstyle=\"border-color:rgb(218, 61, 96);border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;\">\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row align-middle\"  id=\"row-1224859\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-967271971\" class=\"col medium-11 small-7 large-11\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-552193392\" class=\"text hide-for-medium\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong>You can contact us via WhatsApp.<\/strong><br \/>To get information about treatments, simply click the button next to it. Our professional team will contact you immediately.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\t<div id=\"text-1536162836\" class=\"text show-for-small\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong>You can contact us via WhatsApp.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-967271971 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-92937665\" class=\"col medium-1 small-4 large-1\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-right\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1656754081\">\n\t\t<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send\/?phone=905457705745\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp.png 500w, https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp-400x400.png 400w, https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp-280x280.png 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1656754081 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-92937665 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -15px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-92937665 > .col-inner {\n    margin: 0px 0px -15px 0px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-2101853711 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 15px 10px 0px 10px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1609486593 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_238006854\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1746243690\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-783279995\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Much_of_the_Lung_Will_Be_Removed_Lobectomy_or_Segmentectomy\"><\/span>How Much of the Lung Will Be Removed: Lobectomy or Segmentectomy?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>One of the issues our patients worry about most is the extent of organ loss. Our lungs are not a single solid organ; they consist of independent chambers called &#8220;lobes,&#8221; three on the right and two on the left. These lobes are also divided into smaller units called &#8220;segments.&#8221; The extent of the surgery is determined according to the size of the tumor and the patient\u2019s breathing capacity.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lobectomy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The standard procedure accepted in lung cancer surgery in the world and in our country is lobectomy. In this procedure, the entire lobe containing the tumor is removed together with the vessels and airways going to that lobe. For example, if the tumor is in the right upper lobe, that lobe is completely removed. The reason for this is to eliminate the possibility of invisible spread of the cancer within the lymphatic pathways inside the lobe. Lobectomy is a safe and curative method.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Segmentectomy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In recent years, with the advancement of technology and the ability to detect cancer at very early stages, &#8220;Segmentectomy&#8221; has gained popularity. In this method, instead of removing an entire lobe, only the segment (small unit) containing the tumor is removed. This is called &#8220;parenchyma-sparing surgery.&#8221; In other words, the patient\u2019s healthy lung tissue is preserved. Especially in tumors smaller than 2 cm or in patients whose lung capacity cannot tolerate lobectomy, segmentectomy is a life-saving alternative.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pneumonectomy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is the removal of the entire lung on one side. Today, as surgeons, this is the scenario we avoid the most. Because living with one lung reduces the patient\u2019s exertional capacity. However, if the tumor has involved the main airway or the main vessels entering the heart, this procedure may become mandatory to save the patient\u2019s life.<\/p>\n<p>The criteria taken into consideration when determining these types of surgery are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The diameter of the tumor<\/li>\n<li>The tumor\u2019s distance from the center<\/li>\n<li>The patient\u2019s respiratory reserve<\/li>\n<li>Lymph node involvement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Are_Robotic_Surgery_and_Closed_Methods_Preferred\"><\/span>Why Are Robotic Surgery and Closed Methods Preferred?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In the past, when lung surgery was mentioned, painful and difficult processes came to mind in which the chest cavity was opened from top to bottom and the ribs were separated with metal retractors. Fortunately, this picture has now largely become history. Today, &#8220;Minimally Invasive Surgery,&#8221; that is, closed methods, has become the standard in lung cancer treatment. These methods are basically divided into two: Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) and Robotic Surgery (RATS).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this method, 1 to 3 small holes are made in the chest cavity. A camera and long surgical instruments are inserted through these holes. The surgeon performs the operation by viewing the inside on a screen in front of them. Since the spaces between the ribs are not spread and the muscles are not cut, the patient feels much less pain.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Robotic Surgery (RATS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In robotic surgery, the latest point reached by technology, the surgeon sits at a console at the patient\u2019s side and controls the arms. The robot called &#8220;Da Vinci&#8221; transmits the surgeon\u2019s hand movements to the internal arms with millimetric precision. The robot\u2019s arms have much greater rotation capability (540 degrees) than the human wrist. In addition, the surgeon sees the tissues enlarged 10-12 times and in three dimensions (3D).<\/p>\n<p>The main advantages of robotic surgery are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Less blood loss<\/li>\n<li>Minimal surgical scar<\/li>\n<li>Much less pain<\/li>\n<li>Early discharge<\/li>\n<li>Reduced risk of infection<\/li>\n<li>Rapid return to daily life<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Robotic surgery provides the surgeon with a great technical advantage especially in procedures such as segmentectomy, where lymph node dissection and delicate vascular separations are required. The system, which filters the surgeon\u2019s tremor, allows safe work even in the riskiest areas.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-783279995 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -40px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_238006854 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1881734443\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1055393263\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-649320156\" class=\"col iletisim-sayfas\u0131-col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"is-border\"\n\t\tstyle=\"border-color:rgb(60, 51, 142);border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;\">\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row align-middle\"  id=\"row-1678724857\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1539392007\" class=\"col medium-11 small-7 large-11\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-3025694220\" class=\"text hide-for-medium\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong>You can contact us via WhatsApp.<\/strong><br \/>To get information about treatments, simply click the button next to it. Our professional team will contact you immediately.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\t<div id=\"text-2922406320\" class=\"text show-for-small\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong>You can contact us via WhatsApp.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1539392007 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-757541667\" class=\"col medium-1 small-4 large-1\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-right\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_598586008\">\n\t\t<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send\/?phone=905457705745\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp.png 500w, https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp-400x400.png 400w, https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp-280x280.png 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style>\n#image_598586008 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-757541667 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -15px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-757541667 > .col-inner {\n    margin: 0px 0px -15px 0px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-649320156 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 15px 10px 0px 10px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1881734443 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1940875751\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-121738672\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1428291494\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Is_the_Removal_of_Lymph_Nodes_Important\"><\/span>Why Is the Removal of Lymph Nodes Important?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The success of lung cancer surgery is not measured only by the removal of the main tumor. The systematic removal (dissection) of the lymph nodes located in the chest cavity, around the windpipe, and around the vessels is an indispensable part of this work. Lymph nodes are the body\u2019s defense outposts; however, when cancer cells want to spread through the body, they use these lymphatic pathways like a highway.<\/p>\n<p>The removal of these stations during surgery serves two main purposes. The first is to determine the true stage of the disease. Sometimes a lymph node that appears clean on imaging may hide cancer cells at the microscopic level. Detection of these cells by the pathologist determines whether the patient will receive additional protective treatment (chemotherapy or radiotherapy) after surgery. The second purpose is to prevent &#8220;local recurrence.&#8221; Removing these foci that may be cancerous from the body minimizes the risk of the disease recurring in the same region.<\/p>\n<p>The areas cleaned during this procedure are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hilar stations<\/li>\n<li>Subcarinal stations<\/li>\n<li>Paratracheal stations<\/li>\n<li>Aortopulmonary window<\/li>\n<li>Paraesophageal areas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Robotic surgery and closed methods provide a much clearer view and comfort than open surgery in reaching these deep and narrow areas and cleaning the lymph nodes while preserving the vascular and nerve structures.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_Surgery_Possible_in_Advanced-Stage_Tumors\"><\/span>Is Surgery Possible in Advanced-Stage Tumors?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In some cases, the tumor may exceed the boundaries of the lung and invade adjacent structures. For example, the group we call &#8220;Pancoast tumors&#8221; may settle at the very top of the lung and adhere to the nerves in the shoulder region or to the ribs. Or the tumor may have progressed to the main vessels emerging from the heart or to the main branching point of the windpipe (carina). These pictures (T3 and T4 tumors) are cases where the surgeon\u2019s experience and technical skill are tested at the highest level.<\/p>\n<p>Many of these cases, which were once called &#8220;inoperable,&#8221; can now be successfully operated on with advanced techniques. However, these operations require much more than a standard lobectomy. Repair techniques that we call &#8220;reconstructive surgery&#8221; come into play. If the tumor is attached to a vessel, that part of the vessel is removed and repaired with an artificial vessel. If it has entered the windpipe, that section is cut and the airway is sutured end-to-end.<\/p>\n<p>In chest wall involvement, a part of the ribs is also removed together with the tumor. In this case, the cavity formed in the chest is closed with special titanium plates and artificial patches (mesh) so that the patient\u2019s breathing is not impaired. In this way, the integrity and strength of the chest wall are restored.<\/p>\n<p>The methods used in such complex surgeries are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bronchoplasty<\/li>\n<li>Angioplasty<\/li>\n<li>Chest wall resection<\/li>\n<li>Artificial vascular grafts<\/li>\n<li>Muscle flaps<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Success in these cases is possible with a multidisciplinary approach. By working in cooperation with branches such as plastic surgery and cardiovascular surgery, both the tumor is completely removed and body integrity is preserved.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_the_Postoperative_Recovery_Process_Like\"><\/span>What Is the Postoperative Recovery Process Like?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The period after surgery is at least as important as the surgery itself. After the patient wakes up, they are generally kept for one night in the intensive care unit or a close monitoring room as a precaution. The aim here is to monitor blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory values instantly. If everything is fine the next morning, the patient is taken to their room in the ward.<\/p>\n<p>In modern surgery, our biggest enemy is immobility. Therefore, we get our patients up and walking the day after surgery, and sometimes even on the evening of the same day. Early movement accelerates circulation, reduces the risk of clots, and allows the lung to reopen at full capacity. In addition, patients are given a breathing exercise device with balls inside, which we call &#8220;triflo,&#8221; and are asked to use it frequently.<\/p>\n<p>A tube called a &#8220;chest tube&#8221; or &#8220;drain&#8221; is attached to remove the fluid and air accumulated in the surgical area. Patients are usually afraid of this tube, but it is one of the greatest helpers of recovery. When the air leak in the lung stops and the amount of fluid decreases, this drain is removed. In patients operated on with closed methods (VATS\/RATS), the drain is usually removed within 2-3 days and the patient is discharged.<\/p>\n<p>The things to be considered after discharge are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Taking regular walks<\/li>\n<li>Continuing breathing exercises<\/li>\n<li>Eating a balanced diet<\/li>\n<li>Staying away from smoking environments<\/li>\n<li>Avoiding heavy lifting<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There is also no need to worry about pain control. Thanks to nerve blocks, epidural catheters, and next-generation painkillers given intravenously during and after surgery, the process is quite comfortable.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"accordion\">\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3038353944\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3038353944-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-at-which-stages-can-lung-cancer-surgery-be-performed?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3038353944-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>At which stages can lung cancer surgery be performed?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3038353944-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3038353944-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Surgery can generally be performed in stage 1 and 2, and in some selected stage 3A patients. The main criteria are that the cancer has not spread to distant organs and that the patient\u2019s general health condition is suitable for surgery.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1036205162\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1036205162-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-is-breathing-capacity-affected-after-lung-cancer-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1036205162-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How is breathing capacity affected after lung cancer surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1036205162-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1036205162-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Respiratory capacity varies according to the amount of lung tissue removed. While there is generally a slight decrease in patients from whom a lobe or segment is removed, significant respiratory limitation may be seen in cases where the entire lung is removed.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1123899406\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1123899406-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-long-is-the-hospital-stay-after-lung-cancer-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1123899406-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How long is the hospital stay after lung cancer surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1123899406-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1123899406-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>It varies between 3\u20135 days in minimally invasive (VATS) surgeries and 7\u201310 days in open surgeries. Unless complications develop, most patients can return to their normal lives within a few weeks.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2329211300\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2329211300-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-there-a-risk-of-cancer-developing-again-after-lung-cancer-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2329211300-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Is there a risk of cancer developing again after lung cancer surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2329211300-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2329211300-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Yes, there is a risk of recurrence depending on factors such as the type of tumor, its stage, and whether it was completely removed. Therefore, regular follow-up is extremely important.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2769485279\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2769485279-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-when-is-chemotherapy-required-in-patients-undergoing-lung-cancer-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2769485279-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>When is chemotherapy required in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2769485279-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2769485279-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Adjuvant chemotherapy may be recommended after surgery in patients with lymph node involvement or a large tumor diameter. This treatment helps destroy microscopic cancer cells.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2263237216\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2263237216-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-can-lung-cancer-surgery-be-performed-during-pregnancy?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2263237216-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Can lung cancer surgery be performed during pregnancy?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2263237216-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2263237216-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Surgery during pregnancy is usually postponed. However, in situations threatening the mother\u2019s life, surgery may be planned by considering the trimester. The decision must definitely be made by a multidisciplinary team.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3670857750\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3670857750-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-is-pain-managed-after-lung-cancer-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3670857750-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How is pain managed after lung cancer surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3670857750-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3670857750-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Epidural anesthesia, intravenous painkillers, and if necessary nerve blocks can be used. Effective pain control is critical for the patient to breathe comfortably and perform breathing exercises.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-557071503\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-557071503-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-does-the-risk-of-lung-infection-increase-after-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-557071503-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Does the risk of lung infection increase after surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-557071503-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-557071503-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Yes, the risk of infection is higher especially in elderly patients and smokers. Respiratory physiotherapy, early mobilization, and regular sputum clearance reduce this risk.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2075382320\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2075382320-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-is-the-process-of-returning-to-work-and-social-life-after-lung-cancer-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2075382320-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>What is the process of returning to work and social life after lung cancer surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2075382320-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2075382320-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Depending on the patient\u2019s age, the extent of the surgery, and physical condition, returning to work is possible within 2\u20136 weeks. Light exercises can generally be started in the early period.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1229579169\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1229579169-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-can-psychological-effects-be-managed-after-lung-cancer-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1229579169-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How can psychological effects be managed after lung cancer surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1229579169-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1229579169-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Anxiety, depression, and feelings of loneliness may be common after surgery. Psychological support, patient support groups, and professional counseling positively affect the recovery process.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-791281875\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-791281875-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-long-does-lung-cancer-surgery-take?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-791281875-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How Long Does Lung Cancer Surgery Take?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-791281875-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-791281875-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Lung cancer surgery usually takes between 2 and 4 hours depending on the surgical method performed. Different procedures such as lobectomy, pneumonectomy, or segmentectomy may require different durations.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-580987719\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-580987719-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-which-department-or-doctor-should-one-go-to-for-lung-cancer-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-580987719-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Which Department or Doctor Should One Go to for Lung Cancer Surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-580987719-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-580987719-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>The department to be consulted for lung cancer surgery is Thoracic Surgery. Surgical treatment is planned according to the stage of the tumor and the patient\u2019s general condition.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3973525410\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3973525410-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-is-life-expectancy-like-after-lung-cancer-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3973525410-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>What is life expectancy like after lung cancer surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3973525410-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3973525410-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Life expectancy depends on the stage of the cancer, whether the tumor can be completely removed, lymph node involvement, and additional treatments. In patients operated on at an early stage (stage 1\u20132), 5-year survival rates are high; in advanced stages, this period can be prolonged with additional treatments. Regular follow-up and a healthy lifestyle positively affect the results.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1428291494 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -40px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1940875751 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-310091201\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-310091201 {\n  padding-top: 45px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1108,"parent":1086,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-blank.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1109","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1109"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1109\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1148,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1109\/revisions\/1148"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1086"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1108"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}