{"id":1111,"date":"2025-12-08T15:22:39","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T13:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/?page_id=1111"},"modified":"2026-03-06T11:14:39","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T09:14:39","slug":"lung-cancer-treatment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Lung Cancer Treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_683769756\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n  <div id=\"page-header-1353451638\" class=\"page-header-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"page-title dark simple-title\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"page-title-inner container align-center text-center flex-row-col medium-flex-wrap\" >\n              <div class=\"title-wrapper is-larger flex-col\">\n          <h1 class=\"entry-title mb-0\">\n            Lung Cancer Treatment          <\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"title-content flex-col\">\n        <div class=\"title-breadcrumbs pb-half pt-half\"><\/div>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n       <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_683769756 {\n  padding-top: 15px;\n  padding-bottom: 15px;\n  background-color: #3c338e;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_820837970\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-369608862\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1717467105\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<p>The symptoms of lung cancer vary depending on the stage of the disease, but generally manifest as a long-lasting cough, bloody sputum, chest pain, and shortness of breath. In advanced stages, systemic findings such as weight loss, fatigue, and hoarseness may also be added to the picture.<\/p>\n<p>The question of what causes lung cancer is important in identifying risk factors. The most common cause is the use of tobacco and tobacco products. In addition, factors such as asbestos, radon gas, environmental pollution, and genetic predisposition also play a role in the development of the disease.<\/p>\n<p>The question of how lung cancer is diagnosed is a critical step for early intervention. Diagnosis is made with low-dose computed tomography (CT), biopsy, and PET scans. The type of cancer is determined through pathological examinations, and an appropriate treatment plan is created.<\/p>\n<p>The question of how lung cancer is treated is answered according to the stage of the disease and the type of tumor. While surgery and radiotherapy are preferred in early stages, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies are used in advanced stages. Personalized treatment approaches determine the prognosis.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Things You Need to Know<\/td>\n<td>Information<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Definition<\/td>\n<td>Lung cancer is a malignant disease that occurs as a result of uncontrolled cell proliferation in lung tissue and usually does not show symptoms in the early period. It is divided into two main groups: small cell (SCLC) and non-small cell (NSCLC).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Main Types<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): Spreads rapidly, usually diagnosed at an advanced stage- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): The most common type (approximately 85%), progresses more slowly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Most Common Symptoms<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; Chronic cough (new onset or changing in character)- Bloody sputum (hemoptysis)- Shortness of breath- Chest pain- Hoarseness- Weight loss- Loss of appetite- Fatigue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Other Symptoms<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; Recurrent bronchitis or pneumonia- Clubbing of the fingers- Swelling in the neck or face- Bone pain (if metastasis is present)- Neurological findings (in brain metastasis)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Causes<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; Smoking (nearly 85% of cases)- Exposure to secondhand smoke- Chemicals such as asbestos, radon, arsenic- Air pollution- Genetic predisposition- Scar formation in the lung (old tuberculosis, etc.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Diagnostic Methods<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; Chest X-ray- Thoracic CT- PET-CT (for staging)- Bronchoscopy- Transthoracic needle biopsy- Sputum cytology (limited sensitivity in the early stage)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Staging System<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; NSCLC: Stages I\u2013IV according to the TNM system- SCLC: Divided into limited stage and extensive stage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Treatment \u2013 Surgery<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; Preferred in early stages of NSCLC (lobectomy, pneumonectomy)- Surgery is generally not performed in SCLC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Treatment \u2013 Chemotherapy<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; Commonly used in both NSCLC and SCLC- It is the main treatment method in SCLC (e.g. cisplatin + etoposide)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Treatment \u2013 Radiotherapy<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; In patients who are not suitable for surgery- For local control in the brain, bone, and within the lung- Prophylactic cranial radiotherapy in SCLC (to prevent brain metastasis)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Treatment \u2013 Targeted Therapy<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; For EGFR, ALK, ROS1 mutations- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g. erlotinib, osimertinib)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Treatment \u2013 Immunotherapy<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors (e.g. pembrolizumab, nivolumab)- Used especially in advanced-stage NSCLC and some SCLC cases<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Prognosis<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; Depends on the stage, tumor type, and the patient&#8217;s general condition- Survival increases significantly with early diagnosis- SCLC generally has a poor prognosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Prevention Methods<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; Quitting smoking- Protection from asbestos and toxic substances- Early screening (with low-dose CT in high-risk groups)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1717467105 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -40px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_820837970 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1896343577\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1702390221\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1141306201\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\" style=\"background-color:#3c338e;\" >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-954842079\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-943745271\" class=\"col medium-4 small-12 large-4\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner dark\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1031638143\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"776\" src=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/hakkimdagorsel.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/hakkimdagorsel.webp 525w, https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/hakkimdagorsel-271x400.webp 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1031638143 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-943745271 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -20px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1440923792\" class=\"col medium-8 small-12 large-8\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner dark\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div id=\"text-1098730448\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\n\n<div>Prof. Dr. <strong>Alper F\u0131nd\u0131k\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-1098730448 {\n  font-size: 2rem;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #text-1098730448 {\n    font-size: 2.25rem;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"gap-1314007665\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1314007665 {\n  padding-top: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<p>I was born in Istanbul in 1973. I completed my primary education at Erzincan \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Primary School and my secondary and high school education at Erzurum Anatolian High School. I completed my university education at Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine between 1992\u20131998. Afterwards, I completed my specialization between 1998\u20132003 at the Istanbul Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic. I worked as a specialist at the same hospital for 1 year.<\/p>\n<p>Between 2004\u20132005, I fulfilled my military service at G\u00fclhane Military Medical Academy. In 2005, I started working as a lecturer at Ba\u015fkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery. I became an associate professor in 2014 and a professor in 2022.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I started working at Ac\u0131badem Hospital in 2024.<\/strong><\/p>\n<a href=\"\/en\/about-me\/\" class=\"button white is-outline\" style=\"border-radius:99px;\">\n\t\t<span>About Me<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send\/?phone=905457705745\" class=\"button success\" style=\"border-radius:99px;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t<span>WhatsApp<\/span>\n\t<i class=\"icon-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a>\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1440923792 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -20px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1141306201 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 30px 20px 0px 20px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n  border-radius: 20px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-1141306201 > .col-inner {\n    padding: 30px 30px 0px 30px;\n  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class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-treatment\/#What_Is_Lung_Cancer\" >What Is Lung Cancer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-treatment\/#What_Are_the_Causes_of_Lung_Cancer\" >What Are the Causes of Lung Cancer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-treatment\/#What_Are_the_Symptoms_of_Lung_Cancer\" >What Are the Symptoms of Lung Cancer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-treatment\/#How_Is_Lung_Cancer_Diagnosed\" >How Is Lung Cancer Diagnosed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-treatment\/#What_Are_the_Treatment_and_Surgical_Methods_for_Lung_Cancer\" >What Are the Treatment and Surgical Methods for Lung Cancer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-treatment\/#What_Is_the_Postoperative_Process_and_What_Are_the_Risks\" >What Is the Postoperative Process and What Are the Risks?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-treatment\/#What_Are_the_Non-Surgical_Treatment_Options\" >What Are the Non-Surgical Treatment Options?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/lung-cancer-treatment\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" >Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_Lung_Cancer\"><\/span>What Is Lung Cancer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Lung Cancer is a malignant disease that develops as a result of the uncontrolled proliferation of cells in the lung tissue. The most important risk factor is smoking; environmental toxins and genetic predisposition may also play a role. It has two main types: small cell and non-small cell. It may present with symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and weight loss. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies depending on the stage.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_the_Causes_of_Lung_Cancer\"><\/span>What Are the Causes of Lung Cancer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The first rule of defeating a disease is knowing what triggers it. When it comes to lung cancer, the list of culprits is actually quite extensive, but some factors play a much more dominant role than others. Understanding the causes of the disease in depth helps us determine who is at higher risk and therefore who should be monitored more closely for early diagnosis.<\/p>\n<p>First of all, it is necessary to mention the age factor. As we age, the capacity of the cells in our body to renew and repair themselves naturally decreases. For this reason, old age is a risk factor for cancer development in general. However, it is not correct to accept this risk simply by saying &#8220;I have gotten older,&#8221; because there are much more important factors that we can control.<\/p>\n<p>Tobacco use is the leading actor in this disease. When I listen to the histories of the patients entering the outpatient clinic, I see that approximately ninety percent of male patients and eighty percent of female patients have a history of smoking. These rates are too high to be a coincidence. Smoking cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or hookah, which has become popular in recent years, starts a process that directly poisons the lung tissue. The risk increases in direct proportion to the number of cigarettes you smoke and the number of years you have smoked.<\/p>\n<p>I would also like to correct a very common misconception in society: cigarettes marketed as &#8220;low-tar&#8221; or &#8220;light&#8221; are not less harmful. Scientific studies have clearly shown that the risk does not decrease in those who use such products. In addition, you are exposed to tobacco smoke not only by smoking yourself but also by those around you smoking. Passive smoking places you in the risk group even if you are exposed to cancer-causing substances at a lower intensity. The fact that lung cancer is associated with tobacco to such a large extent actually shows us the way to prevention.<\/p>\n<p>Not only tobacco, but also your working environment and environmental conditions can threaten your lung health. Especially chemicals used in some occupational groups can settle in the lungs through breathing and lead to cancer over the years. As the duration and intensity of exposure to these substances increase, the danger grows.<\/p>\n<p>Substances that create occupational and environmental risk are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Asbestos<\/li>\n<li>Arsenic<\/li>\n<li>Chromium<\/li>\n<li>Beryllium<\/li>\n<li>Nickel<\/li>\n<li>Soot<\/li>\n<li>Cadmium<\/li>\n<li>Tar<\/li>\n<li>Radon gas<\/li>\n<li>Air pollution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Genetic factors, of course, cannot be ignored. We know that the risk is doubled in individuals with a family history of lung cancer compared to those without one. However, there is a fine line here; it can sometimes be difficult to distinguish whether this increased risk stems from a true genetic inheritance or from shared environmental factors such as family members being exposed to cigarette smoke in the same house. In addition, the presence of viruses such as HIV that affect the immune system may also increase the risk.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_the_Symptoms_of_Lung_Cancer\"><\/span>What Are the Symptoms of Lung Cancer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>I said that lung cancer is an insidious disease, but that does not mean it gives no symptoms at all. Our body actually sends us some signals. The important thing is not to brush off these signals by saying &#8220;I must have caught a cold&#8221; or &#8220;it must be from smoking.&#8221; The symptoms vary depending on where the tumor is located in the lung, how much it has grown, and whether it has spread.<\/p>\n<p>The most common symptoms of the disease are complaints arising from the area where the tumor is located. Especially in people who have been smoking for a long time, coughing may be considered a normal situation. However, a change in the character of the cough, its worsening, or its becoming persistent is the most basic warning sign. In addition, narrowing or blockages in the airways lead to breathing difficulties that reduce the patient&#8217;s quality of life.<\/p>\n<p>The symptoms that develop due to the pressure created by the tumor within the lung or in the chest cavity are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Persistent cough that does not go away<\/li>\n<li>Bloody sputum<\/li>\n<li>Chest pain<\/li>\n<li>Shoulder pain<\/li>\n<li>Back pain<\/li>\n<li>Shortness of breath<\/li>\n<li>Hoarseness<\/li>\n<li>Difficulty swallowing<\/li>\n<li>Wheezing<\/li>\n<li>Recurrent bronchitis attacks<\/li>\n<li>Recurrent pneumonia<\/li>\n<li>Swelling in the neck<\/li>\n<li>Swelling in the face<\/li>\n<li>Drooping eyelid<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Especially bloody sputum or coughing up blood is a very serious finding that can be seen even in the early stage of the disease. If you have several of the complaints on this list, consulting a specialist without delay gives us a great window of opportunity for early diagnosis.<\/p>\n<p>If the disease has spread beyond the rib cage and to other organs, that is, if it has metastasized, systemic symptoms are also added to the picture. When cancer cells reach the brain, bones, liver, or adrenal glands, the general functioning of the body deteriorates. At this stage, the patient usually comes to us with fatigue and unexplained weight loss.<\/p>\n<p>The symptoms seen in case of the disease spreading to distant organs are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Severe headache<\/li>\n<li>Nausea<\/li>\n<li>Vomiting<\/li>\n<li>Balance disorder<\/li>\n<li>Feeling faint<\/li>\n<li>Memory loss<\/li>\n<li>Loss of appetite<\/li>\n<li>Excessive weight loss<\/li>\n<li>Muscle wasting<\/li>\n<li>General fatigue<\/li>\n<li>Bone pain<\/li>\n<li>Joint pain<\/li>\n<li>Bone fractures<\/li>\n<li>Subcutaneous swellings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The presence of these symptoms generally suggests that the disease is at a more advanced stage. However, it should not be forgotten that in modern medicine, there are interventions we can make for every stage.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-246941726 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -40px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_783837266 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1625518353\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-166333482\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1379412213\" class=\"col iletisim-sayfas\u0131-col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"is-border\"\n\t\tstyle=\"border-color:rgb(218, 61, 96);border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;\">\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row align-middle\"  id=\"row-136112572\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-558982068\" class=\"col medium-11 small-7 large-11\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-4051330133\" class=\"text hide-for-medium\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong>You can contact us via WhatsApp.<\/strong><br \/>To get information about treatments, simply click the button next to it. Our professional team will contact you immediately.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\t<div id=\"text-3923923165\" class=\"text show-for-small\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong>You can contact us via WhatsApp.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-558982068 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-91586988\" class=\"col medium-1 small-4 large-1\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-right\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_2033570228\">\n\t\t<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send\/?phone=905457705745\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp.png 500w, https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp-400x400.png 400w, https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp-280x280.png 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style>\n#image_2033570228 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-91586988 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -15px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-91586988 > .col-inner {\n    margin: 0px 0px -15px 0px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1379412213 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 15px 10px 0px 10px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1625518353 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_2038618658\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-89887372\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1127600632\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Is_Lung_Cancer_Diagnosed\"><\/span>How Is Lung Cancer Diagnosed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The path to the correct treatment in lung cancer passes through a flawless diagnosis and staging process. When we diagnose a patient with cancer, we do not immediately decide on surgery. Before that, a very detailed examination process begins. Because the success of the treatment depends on our knowing where the disease is and how far it has spread.<\/p>\n<p>In this process, the decision of a single doctor is not sufficient. The condition of our patients is evaluated in a board we call the &#8220;Multidisciplinary Tumor Council.&#8221; In this council, along with us as thoracic surgeons, there are medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists. We all review the patient&#8217;s scans, tests, and general condition together and create the most appropriate treatment plan with collective reasoning. This approach minimizes error and enables us to offer the patient the most up-to-date scientific treatment.<\/p>\n<p>One of the most critical stages in the diagnosis process is clarifying the condition of the lymph nodes inside the chest. Especially in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, knowing whether the disease has spread to the lymph nodes directly affects the decision for surgery. It is not always correct to say &#8220;there is cancer here&#8221; just by looking at tomography or PET scans. Especially in places like our country, where tuberculosis (TB) was common in the past or where working in dusty jobs is frequent, lymph nodes can also enlarge because of infection or dust. These enlargements may appear like cancer on imaging, but they may actually be benign.<\/p>\n<p>To make this distinction, we use methods called &#8220;invasive staging.&#8221; These are procedures performed without surgery or with very small incisions.<\/p>\n<p>The methods we use for diagnosis and staging are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Endobronchial Ultrasonography<\/li>\n<li>Video Mediastinoscopy<\/li>\n<li>Bronchoscopy<\/li>\n<li>Needle biopsy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The method we call Endobronchial Ultrasonography (EBUS) actually allows us to enter the trachea with a camera that has ultrasound at its tip. In this way, without opening the chest, we see the lymph nodes behind the trachea and take samples from there with a needle. Mediastinoscopy, on the other hand, allows us to look at the middle of the chest cavity with a camera through a very small incision made in the neck. These procedures are very important under the conditions of Turkey; because they prevent us from performing unnecessary surgery or treating the patient incorrectly. We are obliged to take a sample from every lymph node we find suspicious and prove it in pathology.<\/p>\n<p>Another important evaluation we make before deciding on surgery is measuring the patient&#8217;s &#8220;physiological capacity.&#8221; In other words, we seek an answer to the question, &#8220;Can our patient&#8217;s heart and lungs tolerate this surgery?&#8221; When we remove part of the lung, the patient&#8217;s respiratory capacity will naturally decrease to some extent. For this reason, we perform very detailed pulmonary function tests before surgery. If the patient has borderline shortness of breath or if we suspect a heart condition, we perform risk analysis with exercise tests and cardiac examinations. Our aim is not only to remove the tumor but also to ensure that the patient lives a comfortable and high-quality life after surgery.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_the_Treatment_and_Surgical_Methods_for_Lung_Cancer\"><\/span>What Are the Treatment and Surgical Methods for Lung Cancer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In early-stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, the most effective treatment method is surgery. If the disease has not spread to other organs and the tumor can be removed cleanly, our patient is accepted as a &#8220;surgical candidate.&#8221; A successful surgery performed at this stage maximizes the patient&#8217;s chance of being completely cured of cancer and continuing a normal lifespan.<\/p>\n<p>Our basic principle in surgical treatment is to remove the tumor tissue from the body together with some healthy tissue around it. The extent of the surgery to be performed varies depending on the location and size of the tumor.<\/p>\n<p>The surgical resection methods we apply are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lobectomy<\/li>\n<li>Segmentectomy<\/li>\n<li>Pneumonectomy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lobectomy is the procedure of completely removing the diseased lobe of the lung and is the method we most commonly apply as standard. Segmentectomy is the removal of a smaller part. Pneumonectomy, on the other hand, is the removal of the entire lung on one side due to the location of the tumor.<\/p>\n<p>However, treatment is not only about the scalpel. Surgery is usually part of a &#8220;multimodal&#8221; treatment combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Sometimes before surgery, we apply drug or radiation treatments that we call &#8220;neoadjuvant&#8221; in order to shrink the tumor and achieve a more guaranteed clearance. Sometimes after surgery, &#8220;adjuvant&#8221; treatments come into play in order to clear cells that may have remained inside at the microscopic level and to prevent the disease from recurring.<\/p>\n<p>Timing is very important here. We perform genetic examinations on the biopsies we take during the diagnosis stage. If a mutation sensitive to smart drugs is detected in the tumor, our oncology team may recommend the use of these drugs before surgery. As surgeons, we are located right in the middle of this treatment chain and adjust the timing of the surgery according to the completion of the other treatments.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1127600632 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -40px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_2038618658 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_604173651\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1436845400\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-949602173\" class=\"col iletisim-sayfas\u0131-col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"is-border\"\n\t\tstyle=\"border-color:rgb(60, 51, 142);border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;\">\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row align-middle\"  id=\"row-851876436\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-838584890\" class=\"col medium-11 small-7 large-11\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-1316709366\" class=\"text hide-for-medium\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong>You can contact us via WhatsApp.<\/strong><br \/>To get information about treatments, simply click the button next to it. Our professional team will contact you immediately.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\t<div id=\"text-4035344875\" class=\"text show-for-small\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong>You can contact us via WhatsApp.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-838584890 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-865910268\" class=\"col medium-1 small-4 large-1\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-right\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_898722532\">\n\t\t<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send\/?phone=905457705745\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp.png 500w, https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp-400x400.png 400w, https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp-280x280.png 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style>\n#image_898722532 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-865910268 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -15px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-865910268 > .col-inner {\n    margin: 0px 0px -15px 0px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-949602173 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 15px 10px 0px 10px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_604173651 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_442890098\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-232923731\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1602963486\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_the_Postoperative_Process_and_What_Are_the_Risks\"><\/span>What Is the Postoperative Process and What Are the Risks?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Lung surgeries are major interventions performed on one of the most vital organs of the body. Therefore, we follow our patients very closely in the postoperative period. Successful surgery does not end with the removal of the tumor; postoperative care and the management of possible complications are at least as important as the surgery itself.<\/p>\n<p>There may be some undesirable situations that can be encountered during the hospital stay and afterward. At the top of these are problems related to the heart and respiratory system. Especially surgeries in which the entire lung is removed (pneumonectomy) are riskier than the others and it may take time for the body to adapt to the new situation.<\/p>\n<p>The surgical complications we may encounter in the early period are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prolonged air leak<\/li>\n<li>Heart rhythm disorders<\/li>\n<li>Respiratory failure<\/li>\n<li>Infection<\/li>\n<li>Bleeding<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Among these, &#8220;prolonged air leak&#8221; is a condition we see frequently. When part of the lung is removed, there may be air leakage from the surface of the remaining lung tissue into the chest cavity. This leakage usually stops on its own within a few days. However, if it lasts longer than seven days, we call it a &#8220;prolonged air leak,&#8221; and it may prolong the hospital stay. Managing such situations is routine work for an experienced thoracic surgery clinic.<\/p>\n<p>Our relationship does not end after discharge either. Patients receiving treatment for lung cancer must follow a very strict follow-up protocol for the next 5 years. More frequently in the first two years, control scans and examinations are generally performed every 6 months. Our aim is to monitor the risk of recurrence, that is, the return of the disease. In addition, detecting and resolving shortness of breath or other medical problems that may arise in the late period is essential to protect the patient&#8217;s quality of life. Surgical success is measured not by getting off the operating table, but by completing this 5-year process in a healthy way.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_the_Non-Surgical_Treatment_Options\"><\/span>What Are the Non-Surgical Treatment Options?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>So, what do we do if the disease is at an advanced stage or if our patient&#8217;s general health condition is not at a level that can tolerate a major operation? In this case, surgery ceases to be an option, but this does not mean &#8220;there is nothing to be done.&#8221; On the contrary, thanks to developments in the world of oncology, we now have very powerful weapons in our hands.<\/p>\n<p>For patients who are not considered suitable for surgery in the multidisciplinary council, other treatment modalities come into play. Especially in cases where the disease is limited to the chest cavity but is large, the disease is tried to be controlled by applying chemotherapy and radiotherapy together. This is an effective approach that prolongs life and reduces complaints in many patients.<\/p>\n<p>The non-surgical treatment options applied are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chemotherapy<\/li>\n<li>Radiotherapy<\/li>\n<li>Immunotherapy<\/li>\n<li>Smart drug treatments<\/li>\n<li>Palliative care<\/li>\n<li>Endoscopic airway opening procedures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The greatest revolution of recent years is undoubtedly targeted therapies and immunotherapy. I said that when diagnosing, we map the genetic profile of the tumor in the biopsies we take. If certain genetic changes such as EGFR, ALK, k-RAS are detected on that map, drugs that directly attack these targets can be used. Unlike chemotherapy, these drugs work more specifically.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, if the tumor blocks the trachea and makes it difficult for the patient to breathe, we thoracic surgeons step in again. With endoscopic methods, that is, with closed instruments, we enter the trachea and open the blockage there, allowing the patient to breathe comfortably. Although this does not completely eliminate the disease, it is a very valuable touch to increase the patient&#8217;s comfort.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"accordion\">\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1070188252\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1070188252-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-are-usually-the-earliest-symptoms-of-lung-cancer?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1070188252-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>What are usually the earliest symptoms of lung cancer?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1070188252-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1070188252-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Persistent cough, blood in sputum, hoarseness, and shortness of breath are among the early symptoms of lung cancer. These symptoms may progress insidiously and may not be noticed for a long time.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2487914466\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2487914466-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-does-lung-cancer-develop-in-non-smokers?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2487914466-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How does lung cancer develop in non-smokers?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2487914466-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2487914466-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>In non-smokers, lung cancer may develop as a result of passive smoking, genetic predisposition, air pollution, and environmental factors such as radon gas. Adenocarcinoma is more commonly seen in this group.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2877681929\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2877681929-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-can-lung-cancer-present-with-distant-symptoms-such-as-bone-pain?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2877681929-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Can lung cancer present with distant symptoms such as bone pain?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2877681929-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2877681929-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Yes. If the tumor spreads to the bones, brain, or liver in the advanced stage, signs of distant organ involvement such as bone pain, headache, weight loss, and intense fatigue may occur.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-9418186\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-9418186-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-are-among-the-main-causes-of-lung-cancer?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-9418186-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>What are among the main causes of lung cancer?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-9418186-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-9418186-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>The most important cause is smoking. In addition, asbestos exposure, radon gas, air pollution, genetic factors, and chronic lung diseases are also among the risk factors.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1959575640\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1959575640-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-is-lung-cancer-staged-and-why-is-this-important?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1959575640-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How is lung cancer staged and why is this important?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1959575640-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1959575640-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>The stage is determined by evaluating the size of the tumor, lymph node involvement, and distant organ spread. This staging is of great importance in forming the correct treatment plan and predicting the patient&#8217;s prognosis.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3453663049\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3453663049-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-which-methods-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-early-stage-lung-cancer?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3453663049-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Which methods are used in the treatment of early-stage lung cancer?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3453663049-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3453663049-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>In the early stage, surgical treatment is the first option. When necessary, chemotherapy or radiotherapy is added to reduce the risk of recurrence and increase treatment success.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-881358700\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-881358700-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-does-immunotherapy-work-in-the-treatment-of-lung-cancer?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-881358700-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How does immunotherapy work in the treatment of lung cancer?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-881358700-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-881358700-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Immunotherapy strengthens the immune system&#8217;s ability to recognize and destroy cancer cells. It may be effective in prolonging survival, especially in advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2196725175\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2196725175-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-should-patients-with-lung-cancer-change-their-lifestyle?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2196725175-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How should patients with lung cancer change their lifestyle?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2196725175-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2196725175-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Smoking must be stopped completely. Regular exercise, healthy nutrition, and vaccines to protect against infections improve quality of life and support the treatment process.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3734910877\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3734910877-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-is-the-follow-up-process-like-after-lung-cancer-treatment?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3734910877-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>What is the follow-up process like after lung cancer treatment?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3734910877-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3734910877-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>In the first 2 years after treatment, CT scans are performed at frequent intervals. These follow-ups are critically important for detecting recurrence of the disease at an early stage.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2313750870\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2313750870-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-why-is-psychological-support-important-for-patients-with-lung-cancer?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2313750870-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Why is psychological support important for patients with lung cancer?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2313750870-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2313750870-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>The diagnosis and treatment process may cause intense stress and anxiety. Psychological support strengthens the patient&#8217;s adherence to treatment and significantly improves quality of life.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-483165079\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-483165079-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-long-does-lung-cancer-treatment-last?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-483165079-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How Long Does Lung Cancer Treatment Last?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-483165079-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-483165079-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>The duration of lung cancer treatment varies according to the type of cancer, its stage, and the treatment methods applied. While the recovery process after surgical intervention may take a few weeks, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are generally applied in courses lasting 4\u20136 months. Targeted therapies and immunotherapies may continue for a longer period. The whole process may take months from diagnosis onward, and long-term follow-up is required afterward.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-479151695\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-479151695-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-which-department-or-doctor-should-be-consulted-for-lung-cancer?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-479151695-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Which Department or Doctor Should Be Consulted for Lung Cancer?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-479151695-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-479151695-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>In case of suspicion or diagnosis of lung cancer, the first department to apply to is Chest Diseases. After the diagnosis is made, a multidisciplinary treatment plan is formed with Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, and Radiation Oncology specialists according to the stage of the disease.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-878269578\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-878269578-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-where-does-lung-cancer-spread-first?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-878269578-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Where does lung cancer spread first?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-878269578-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-878269578-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Lung cancer first affects the lung tissue and the nearest lymph nodes. As it progresses, it may spread to the brain, bones, liver, and adrenal glands. The frequency of spread depends on the tumor type.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-452731846\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-452731846-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-are-the-9-most-insidious-symptoms-of-lung-cancer?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-452731846-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>What are the 9 most insidious symptoms of lung cancer?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-452731846-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-452731846-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Long-lasting cough, blood in sputum, shortness of breath, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, hoarseness, chest pain, recurrent lung infections, and shoulder-back pain are among the most insidious symptoms.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1983650844\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1983650844-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-is-life-expectancy-like-in-lung-cancer?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1983650844-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>What is life expectancy like in lung cancer?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1983650844-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1983650844-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Life expectancy varies according to the stage of the cancer, its type, and the response to treatment. In patients diagnosed at an early stage, life expectancy increases significantly, while in advanced stages the aim is to keep the disease under control.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2383385205\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2383385205-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-which-part-of-the-back-hurts-in-lung-cancer?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2383385205-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Which part of the back hurts in lung cancer?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2383385205-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2383385205-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>The pain is generally felt between the shoulder blades, behind the shoulder, and in the upper part of the back. If the tumor has spread to the nerves or bones, the pain may be more pronounced and continuous.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-353322704\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-353322704-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-are-the-symptoms-of-stage-1-lung-cancer?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-353322704-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>What are the symptoms of stage 1 lung cancer?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-353322704-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-353322704-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>In stage 1, most patients do not show symptoms. There may be a mild cough, getting tired quickly, or a vague feeling of discomfort in the chest, and it is often detected incidentally.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-675320948\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-675320948-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-are-the-symptoms-of-stage-2-lung-cancer?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-675320948-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>What are the symptoms of stage 2 lung cancer?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-675320948-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-675320948-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>In stage 2, increased cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, and sometimes blood in sputum may be seen. The symptoms can still be confused with other diseases.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2324160059\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2324160059-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-does-lung-cancer-cause-nosebleeds?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2324160059-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Does lung cancer cause nosebleeds?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2324160059-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2324160059-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>It is not a typical direct symptom of lung cancer. However, in rare cases, spread, bleeding tendency, or some medications used may lead to nosebleeds. If there are persistent nosebleeds, other causes should be investigated.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1602963486 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -40px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_442890098 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-1800463731\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1800463731 {\n  padding-top: 45px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1110,"parent":1086,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-blank.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1111","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1111"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1111\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1149,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1111\/revisions\/1149"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1086"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}