{"id":1194,"date":"2025-12-08T15:52:51","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T13:52:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/?page_id=1194"},"modified":"2026-03-06T13:38:39","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T11:38:39","slug":"esophageal-cancer-surgery","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/esophageal-cancer-surgery\/","title":{"rendered":"Esophageal Cancer Surgery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_880794501\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n  <div id=\"page-header-381290282\" class=\"page-header-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"page-title dark simple-title\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"page-title-inner container align-center text-center flex-row-col medium-flex-wrap\" >\n              <div class=\"title-wrapper is-larger flex-col\">\n          <h1 class=\"entry-title mb-0\">\n            Esophageal Cancer Surgery          <\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"title-content flex-col\">\n        <div class=\"title-breadcrumbs pb-half pt-half\"><\/div>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n       <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_880794501 {\n  padding-top: 15px;\n  padding-bottom: 15px;\n  background-color: #3c338e;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1504448269\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1212861384\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-428526212\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<p>Esophageal cancer surgery is a complex surgical procedure involving the removal of the cancerous segment of the esophagus and reconstruction of the digestive tract. It is performed with curative intent in early stages and is generally carried out through a procedure called esophagectomy.<\/p>\n<p>Suitability for surgery and preoperative evaluation are determined according to the stage of the disease, the patient\u2019s general condition, and respiratory and cardiac functions. The spread of the tumor is assessed with methods such as endoscopy, PET-CT, and EUS. In some cases, neoadjuvant treatment is planned before surgery.<\/p>\n<p>Surgical techniques and application methods vary according to the location of the tumor and may include transthoracic, transhiatal, or minimally invasive surgery. The stomach, colon, or small bowel segment can be used as a new esophagus. The success of the surgery requires an experienced team.<\/p>\n<p>Postoperative care and possible complications include intensive care follow-up, nutritional adjustments, and management of infection risks. Problems such as anastomotic leakage, respiratory complications, and late swallowing difficulties may occur. Long-term follow-up and rehabilitation are important.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Things You Need to Know<\/td>\n<td>Information<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Definition<\/td>\n<td>Esophageal cancer surgery is the surgical removal of the cancerous segment of the esophagus and the reconstruction of the digestive tract. This surgery is called esophagectomy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Purpose<\/td>\n<td>The aim is complete removal of the tumor, restoration of swallowing function, and control of the disease. In some patients, it is performed with curative intent.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Surgical Indication<\/td>\n<td>The tumor must be surgically resectable, there must be no distant metastasis, and the patient\u2019s general condition must be sufficient to tolerate surgery. It is generally performed in stage I\u2013III patients.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Surgical Methods<\/td>\n<td>Transthoracic esophagectomy (Ivor Lewis): Surgery performed through the abdomen and chest. Transhiatal esophagectomy: Through abdominal and neck incisions. Three-field esophagectomy: Abdomen, chest, and neck are opened. Minimally invasive surgery: With laparoscopic or thoracoscopic techniques.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Reconstruction Methods<\/td>\n<td>Most commonly, the stomach is used to create a new esophagus (gastric tube). Alternatively, the small intestine or colon may be used.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Preparation Process<\/td>\n<td>Diagnosis with endoscopy and biopsy, staging with CT and PET-CT, respiratory and cardiac evaluation, nutritional support, dietitian and anesthesia consultation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Neoadjuvant Treatment<\/td>\n<td>Radiotherapy and\/or chemotherapy may be applied before surgery to reduce tumor size and improve surgical success.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Duration of Surgery<\/td>\n<td>It may take an average of 5\u20138 hours. It varies according to the method and the extent of the tumor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hospital Stay<\/td>\n<td>On average 10\u201314 days. Intensive care may be required after surgery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Postoperative Care<\/td>\n<td>The transition to feeding is slow and controlled. In the first days, feeding is started intravenously, then by nasogastric or jejunostomy tube. Oral feeding begins after 7\u201310 days.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Complications<\/td>\n<td>Anastomotic leakage, infection, respiratory failure, hoarseness (recurrent nerve injury), lung complications, clot formation, swallowing difficulty, weight loss.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Postoperative Treatment<\/td>\n<td>Depending on pathology, adjuvant chemotherapy and\/or radiotherapy may be required. It is planned by the multidisciplinary oncology team.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Follow-up and Control<\/td>\n<td>Regular imaging, endoscopic controls, screening for recurrence and metastasis, monitoring nutritional status, and follow-up of swallowing function.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lifestyle Changes<\/td>\n<td>Slow and frequent eating, elevating the head while lying down, weight monitoring, anti-reflux precautions, and avoiding smoking and alcohol use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Prognosis<\/td>\n<td>It varies depending on the stage, the success of the surgery, the histological type of the tumor (adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma), and adjuvant treatment. Survival rates after surgery are high in early stages.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-428526212 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -40px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1504448269 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1298256569\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-585721877\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-38274709\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\" style=\"background-color:#3c338e;\" >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1895447841\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-355021126\" class=\"col medium-4 small-12 large-4\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner dark\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_340653292\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"776\" src=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/hakkimdagorsel.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/hakkimdagorsel.webp 525w, https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/hakkimdagorsel-271x400.webp 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_340653292 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-355021126 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -20px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1419700471\" class=\"col medium-8 small-12 large-8\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner dark\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div id=\"text-173549561\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\n\n<div>Prof. Dr. <strong>Alper F\u0131nd\u0131k\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-173549561 {\n  font-size: 2rem;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #text-173549561 {\n    font-size: 2.25rem;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"gap-694118219\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-694118219 {\n  padding-top: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<p>I was born in Istanbul in 1973. I completed my primary education at Erzincan \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Primary School and my secondary and high school education at Erzurum Anatolian High School. I completed my university education at Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine between 1992\u20131998. Afterwards, I completed my specialization between 1998\u20132003 at the Istanbul Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic. I worked as a specialist at the same hospital for 1 year.<\/p>\n<p>Between 2004\u20132005, I fulfilled my military service at G\u00fclhane Military Medical Academy. In 2005, I started working as a lecturer at Ba\u015fkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery. I became an associate professor in 2014 and a professor in 2022.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I started working at Ac\u0131badem Hospital in 2024.<\/strong><\/p>\n<a href=\"\/en\/about-me\/\" class=\"button white is-outline\" style=\"border-radius:99px;\">\n\t\t<span>About Me<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send\/?phone=905457705745\" class=\"button success\" style=\"border-radius:99px;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t<span>WhatsApp<\/span>\n\t<i class=\"icon-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a>\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1419700471 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -20px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-38274709 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 30px 20px 0px 20px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n  border-radius: 20px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-38274709 > .col-inner {\n    padding: 30px 30px 0px 30px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1298256569 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_2086310991\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-597682822\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-45330120\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/esophageal-cancer-surgery\/#What_Is_Esophageal_Cancer_Surgery\" >What Is Esophageal Cancer Surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/esophageal-cancer-surgery\/#What_are_the_symptoms_of_esophageal_cancer\" >What are the symptoms of esophageal cancer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/esophageal-cancer-surgery\/#How_is_esophageal_cancer_diagnosed\" >How is esophageal cancer diagnosed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/esophageal-cancer-surgery\/#What_is_the_preoperative_preparation_process_like_for_esophageal_cancer_surgery\" >What is the preoperative preparation process like for esophageal cancer surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/esophageal-cancer-surgery\/#What_are_the_differences_between_open_and_minimally_invasive_esophageal_cancer_surgery\" >What are the differences between open and minimally invasive esophageal cancer surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/esophageal-cancer-surgery\/#When_is_the_Ivor_Lewis_technique_preferred_in_esophageal_cancer_surgery\" >When is the Ivor Lewis technique preferred in esophageal cancer surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/esophageal-cancer-surgery\/#In_which_cases_is_the_McKeown_technique_used_in_esophageal_cancer_surgery\" >In which cases is the McKeown technique used in esophageal cancer surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/esophageal-cancer-surgery\/#What_is_used_instead_of_the_esophagus_during_surgery\" >What is used instead of the esophagus during surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/esophageal-cancer-surgery\/#What_are_the_most_common_complications_after_esophageal_cancer_surgery\" >What are the most common complications after esophageal cancer surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/esophageal-cancer-surgery\/#Why_are_the_lungs_so_important_during_recovery\" >Why are the lungs so important during recovery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/esophageal-cancer-surgery\/#Do_benign_esophageal_tumors_require_surgery\" >Do benign esophageal tumors require surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/esophageal-cancer-surgery\/#How_should_nutrition_be_after_esophageal_cancer_surgery\" >How should nutrition be after esophageal cancer surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/esophageal-cancer-surgery\/#What_is_the_success_rate_in_esophageal_cancer_surgery\" >What is the success rate in esophageal cancer surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/treatments\/esophageal-cancer-surgery\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" >Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_Esophageal_Cancer_Surgery\"><\/span>What Is Esophageal Cancer Surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Esophageal cancer surgery is the surgical removal of the malignant tumor developing in the esophagus together with the surrounding lymph nodes. It is generally performed with curative intent in early and localized stages. During the operation, the diseased segment is removed and digestive continuity is restored using the stomach or intestinal tissue. In most patients, it is combined with chemotherapy and\/or radiotherapy. The treatment plan is determined according to the stage of the tumor and the patient\u2019s general condition.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_symptoms_of_esophageal_cancer\"><\/span>What are the symptoms of esophageal cancer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Unfortunately, the disease progresses quite silently in its early stages. Since the esophagus has a flexible structure, the patient may not feel much until the tumor grows and significantly narrows the diameter of the esophagus. Patients usually come to us with the complaint, \u201cFood gets stuck in my throat.\u201d This feeling of obstruction, which initially occurs with solid foods, may over time also develop with liquids.<\/p>\n<p>Reading the signals your body gives correctly is vital for early diagnosis. We can list the most common symptoms of this disease as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A feeling of food getting stuck while swallowing solid foods<\/li>\n<li>Unintentional and rapid weight loss<\/li>\n<li>Burning or pain behind the breastbone<\/li>\n<li>Persistent pain radiating to the back<\/li>\n<li>Persistent hoarseness<\/li>\n<li>Food coming back into the mouth<\/li>\n<li>Persistent coughing fits<\/li>\n<li>Anemia and fatigue<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you have several of these symptoms, do not panic immediately, but be sure to consult a specialist. Especially difficulty swallowing is an alarm sign that should never be ignored.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_esophageal_cancer_diagnosed\"><\/span>How is esophageal cancer diagnosed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When a patient presents to us, the first procedure we generally perform is endoscopy. With a thin tube with a lighted camera at the tip, the inside of the esophagus is examined in detail through the mouth. During this procedure, small tissue samples, that is biopsies, are taken from suspicious areas. When the result from the pathology laboratory confirms cancer, the second stage begins for us: staging.<\/p>\n<p>Simply saying \u201cthere is cancer\u201d is not enough for treatment planning. We must know \u201cwhere the enemy is, how large it is, and whether it has spread elsewhere.\u201d For this, we use advanced imaging methods.<\/p>\n<p>The main methods we use in the diagnostic process are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Endoscopy<\/li>\n<li>Biopsy<\/li>\n<li>Computed Tomography<\/li>\n<li>PET-CT scan<\/li>\n<li>Endoscopic Ultrasonography<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sometimes we also perform barium imaging studies for our patients. In this test, the patient drinks a barium-containing liquid resembling chalky water, and an X-ray is taken. This liquid coats the inner surface of the esophagus and shows us the location and length of narrowings like a map. The purpose of all these tests is to decide whether the tumor is \u201cresectable.\u201d If the tumor is attached to vital structures such as the aorta or spine, or if it has spread to distant organs, then treatments other than direct surgery come to the forefront.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_preoperative_preparation_process_like_for_esophageal_cancer_surgery\"><\/span>What is the preoperative preparation process like for esophageal cancer surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Once we decide on surgery, an intensive preparation period awaits our patients. This operation is one of the largest surgical procedures performed on the body, and the body needs to be ready for it. Patients who smoke must stop smoking immediately. Breathing exercises are started to increase lung capacity. We support patients who have lost a lot of weight and whose nutritional status is poor with special nutritional supplements so they can go into surgery stronger.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, today we often apply an approach called \u201cneoadjuvant treatment.\u201d If the tumor exceeds a certain size or if there are suspicious enlargements in the surrounding lymph nodes, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are administered before surgery.<\/p>\n<p>The aims of this pre-treatment are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To shrink the tumor<\/li>\n<li>To achieve clear surgical margins<\/li>\n<li>To eliminate microscopic spread<\/li>\n<li>To reduce the risk of recurrence<\/li>\n<li>To prolong survival time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Approximately 6 to 8 weeks after this treatment is completed, when the body has recovered, the actual surgical procedure is performed. This waiting period is necessary for the effects of radiotherapy on tissues to settle and for the patient to regain strength.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-45330120 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -40px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_2086310991 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_143795751\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1581692335\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1903110274\" class=\"col iletisim-sayfas\u0131-col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"is-border\"\n\t\tstyle=\"border-color:rgb(218, 61, 96);border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;\">\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row align-middle\"  id=\"row-782735490\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1017169280\" class=\"col medium-11 small-7 large-11\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-1910041169\" class=\"text hide-for-medium\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong>You can contact us via WhatsApp.<\/strong><br \/>To get information about treatments, simply click the button next to it. Our professional team will contact you immediately.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\t<div id=\"text-2472235838\" class=\"text show-for-small\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong>You can contact us via WhatsApp.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1017169280 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-969130598\" class=\"col medium-1 small-4 large-1\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-right\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_784268497\">\n\t\t<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send\/?phone=905457705745\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp.png 500w, https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp-400x400.png 400w, https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp-280x280.png 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style>\n#image_784268497 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-969130598 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -15px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-969130598 > .col-inner {\n    margin: 0px 0px -15px 0px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1903110274 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 15px 10px 0px 10px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_143795751 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_2128911393\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-240448508\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-819011091\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_differences_between_open_and_minimally_invasive_esophageal_cancer_surgery\"><\/span>What are the differences between open and minimally invasive esophageal cancer surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In past years, these surgeries were performed with very large incisions in the chest and abdomen. This caused severe postoperative pain and prolonged the recovery process. However, with the development of technology, \u201cMinimally Invasive Esophagectomy,\u201d in other words closed techniques, has now come to the forefront.<\/p>\n<p>In minimally invasive operations, instead of large incisions, we enter through small openings in the body with a camera and special instruments. The surgeon performs the procedure while watching the internal view on a large screen. The greatest advantage of this method is that the integrity of the patient\u2019s chest wall is not disrupted.<\/p>\n<p>The advantages of minimally invasive surgery are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Less postoperative pain<\/li>\n<li>Smaller scars<\/li>\n<li>Less blood loss<\/li>\n<li>The ability to mobilize early<\/li>\n<li>Fewer lung complications<\/li>\n<li>Shorter hospital stay<\/li>\n<li>Faster return to daily life<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Our clinical observations and data from the literature show that oncologic clearance, that is complete removal of the cancerous tissue, is at least as successful with minimally invasive methods as with open surgery, while patient comfort is much higher.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_is_the_Ivor_Lewis_technique_preferred_in_esophageal_cancer_surgery\"><\/span>When is the Ivor Lewis technique preferred in esophageal cancer surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>One of the technical terms you may hear in esophageal cancer surgery is \u201cIvor Lewis.\u201d Do not let this intimidate you; it actually describes a strategy indicating from which route the surgery will be performed. This technique is generally preferred when the tumor is located in the lower part of the esophagus or at the junction with the stomach.<\/p>\n<p>The Ivor Lewis operation consists of two stages. In the first stage, we enter through the abdominal region (usually laparoscopically, that is minimally invasively). The stomach is freed from the surrounding tissues and shaped into a tube. In the second stage, we enter through the chest cavity (from the right side), remove the diseased part of the esophagus, pull the prepared gastric tube into the chest, and join it to the remaining esophagus there.<\/p>\n<p>The most important feature of this method is that no incision is made in the neck region. The anastomosis is performed inside the chest, in the space behind the heart. This technique is also frequently preferred by surgeons because it reduces the risk of damage to the nerves controlling the vocal cords.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_which_cases_is_the_McKeown_technique_used_in_esophageal_cancer_surgery\"><\/span>In which cases is the McKeown technique used in esophageal cancer surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If the tumor is located in the upper parts of the esophagus, that is closer to the neck or in the mid-esophagus, we change our strategy. In this case, the technique we call \u201cMcKeown\u201d or \u201cThree-incision\u201d comes into play. As the name suggests, this operation involves three regions: the abdomen, chest, and neck.<\/p>\n<p>In this technique, the aim is to remove almost the entire esophagus and also clear the lymph nodes in the neck region. Because tumors in the upper region have a higher likelihood of spreading to neck lymph nodes.<\/p>\n<p>The stages of the McKeown technique are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chest stage<\/li>\n<li>Abdominal stage<\/li>\n<li>Neck stage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>First, the esophagus is mobilized through the chest cavity. Then, a gastric tube is prepared through the abdominal region. Finally, the esophagus is removed through an incision in the neck, and the gastric tube is pulled up to the neck and connected there. This method provides the surgeon with a very wide field for clearance. It allows us to obtain oncologically safer margins.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_used_instead_of_the_esophagus_during_surgery\"><\/span>What is used instead of the esophagus during surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>This is the issue that our patients are most curious about and often find difficult to imagine: \u201cIf you remove my esophagus, how will I eat?\u201d Our body offers us a wonderful spare part for this: your own stomach.<\/p>\n<p>During the abdominal stage of the operation, we cut and shape the stomach using special stapling devices. By preserving a large part of the stomach, we form it into a narrow and long tube. This newly created \u201cgastric tube\u201d is very similar in shape to the esophagus. Preserving the blood vessels that supply the stomach is the most delicate point of this process, because the survival of this tube depends on those vessels.<\/p>\n<p>This prepared gastric tube is then brought upward through the bed of the old esophagus and connected to the remaining healthy end of the esophagus above. In other words, food now passes from the mouth into the gastric tube and then into the intestines. If the patient\u2019s stomach cannot be used due to a previous surgery or disease, segments of the colon or small intestine can also rarely be used instead of the esophagus.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-819011091 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -40px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_2128911393 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1296846330\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-917647225\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1235512621\" class=\"col iletisim-sayfas\u0131-col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"is-border\"\n\t\tstyle=\"border-color:rgb(60, 51, 142);border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;\">\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row align-middle\"  id=\"row-876349143\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-572253157\" class=\"col medium-11 small-7 large-11\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-2019539940\" class=\"text hide-for-medium\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong>You can contact us via WhatsApp.<\/strong><br \/>To get information about treatments, simply click the button next to it. Our professional team will contact you immediately.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\t<div id=\"text-1806190456\" class=\"text show-for-small\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong>You can contact us via WhatsApp.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-572253157 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-876076085\" class=\"col medium-1 small-4 large-1\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-right\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1252096828\">\n\t\t<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send\/?phone=905457705745\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp.png 500w, https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp-400x400.png 400w, https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/whatsapp-280x280.png 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1252096828 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-876076085 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -15px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-876076085 > .col-inner {\n    margin: 0px 0px -15px 0px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1235512621 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 15px 10px 0px 10px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1296846330 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1966136599\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-704196136\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1797665762\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_most_common_complications_after_esophageal_cancer_surgery\"><\/span>What are the most common complications after esophageal cancer surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>To be honest, esophageal surgery is one of the biggest interventions performed on the human body, and like every major surgery, it has risks. Although we surgeons take every precaution, tissue healing and the body\u2019s response vary from person to person. Knowing these risks is very important for early intervention.<\/p>\n<p>The main complications we may encounter are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anastomotic leakage<\/li>\n<li>Pneumonia<\/li>\n<li>Atelectasis<\/li>\n<li>Cardiac rhythm disturbances<\/li>\n<li>Hoarseness<\/li>\n<li>Wound infection<\/li>\n<li>Difficulty emptying the stomach<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The condition we fear most on this list is \u201canastomotic leakage.\u201d This means leakage from the suture line where the esophagus and gastric tube are stitched together. If the sutures do not heal fully, saliva or stomach contents may leak out.<\/p>\n<p>There is an interesting detail here: In neck anastomoses (McKeown), the leakage rate is somewhat higher because the stomach is pulled all the way to the top and blood supply may become more difficult. However, a leak in the neck region generally does not create a life-threatening situation and often heals with simple dressings. In chest anastomoses (Ivor Lewis), leakage is less common, but if it occurs, it is much more dangerous because the leakage flows directly into the chest cavity near the heart. Therefore, we monitor our patients very closely in the postoperative period.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_are_the_lungs_so_important_during_recovery\"><\/span>Why are the lungs so important during recovery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After surgery, the issue that challenges our patients most is usually not the surgical area but the lungs. During the operation, in order to clear the lymph nodes, we sometimes have to deflate the lungs for a period. In addition, because of postoperative pain, the patient may avoid taking deep breaths. This can lead to collapse of the small air sacs in the lungs (atelectasis) and accumulation of mucus there. If this mucus cannot be expelled, pneumonia may develop.<\/p>\n<p>To minimize this risk, we have a rule of \u201cearly mobilization.\u201d We get our patients up and walking the day after surgery, sometimes even on the same evening. Walking and staying upright are the best medicines to help the lungs re-expand. In addition, using breathing exercise devices that we call \u201ctriflow,\u201d which contain small balls, is an indispensable part of the recovery process.<\/p>\n<p>We see the greatest benefit of minimally invasive methods here. Because the chest wall is not cut, the patient feels less pain, can cough more comfortably, and breathe more easily. This significantly reduces the risk of lung complications.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_benign_esophageal_tumors_require_surgery\"><\/span>Do benign esophageal tumors require surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Not only cancer but sometimes benign tumors can also develop in the esophagus. The most common of these are masses arising from the muscle layer, which we call \u201cleiomyoma.\u201d These are usually detected incidentally and have a very low risk of turning into cancer.<\/p>\n<p>If the tumor is small and does not cause any complaints, simple follow-up is sufficient. However, if the tumor grows and causes difficulty swallowing or pain, surgical intervention becomes necessary. In benign tumors, we do not cut out the esophagus as in cancer surgery. Instead, with a method called \u201cenucleation,\u201d we carefully peel the tumor out without damaging the inner lining of the esophagus. Today this procedure is also mostly performed thoracoscopically, that is with a minimally invasive approach, without leaving large scars on the chest.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_should_nutrition_be_after_esophageal_cancer_surgery\"><\/span>How should nutrition be after esophageal cancer surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After a successful operation and recovery process, a new life routine awaits our patients. The stomach is no longer a \u201cstorage reservoir\u201d as before but rather a passageway. In addition, because the natural valve mechanism preventing stomach acid from reaching the throat is removed, eating habits must change completely.<\/p>\n<p>The basic nutritional rules that should be followed after surgery are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Eat small and frequent meals<\/li>\n<li>Chew each bite very thoroughly<\/li>\n<li>Do not drink water during meals<\/li>\n<li>Do not lie down immediately after eating<\/li>\n<li>Sleep in an upright position<\/li>\n<li>Avoid gas-producing foods<\/li>\n<li>Limit sugary foods<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Particular attention should be paid to the condition called \u201cDumping Syndrome.\u201d Since the gastric tube empties food rapidly into the intestine, eating very sugary or carbohydrate-rich foods may cause sudden weakness, palpitations, and sweating. Therefore, eating slowly and reducing sugar intake are very important. Over time, the body adapts to this new anatomy, and our patients once again enjoy sharing the table with their loved ones.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_success_rate_in_esophageal_cancer_surgery\"><\/span>What is the success rate in esophageal cancer surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Esophageal cancer surgery is one of the most challenging and discipline-demanding fields in medicine. However, the point we have reached today is encouraging. Thanks to advanced imaging methods, minimally invasive surgical techniques, intensive care facilities, and smart drugs, we are now able to fight this disease much more effectively.<\/p>\n<p>Although the chance of success varies according to the stage of the disease and the patient\u2019s general condition, complete cure is possible with the right surgery performed at the right time. The most critical point here is that these operations are carried out in experienced centers and by specialized teams.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"accordion\">\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3614746617\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3614746617-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-at-which-stages-can-esophageal-cancer-surgery-be-performed?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3614746617-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>At which stages can esophageal cancer surgery be performed?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3614746617-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3614746617-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Surgery is generally performed in stage 1 and 2, and in some stage 3 patients it may also be considered after neoadjuvant treatment. The absence of spread to distant organs is the main criterion for surgery.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1318644166\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1318644166-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-kind-of-nutritional-process-is-followed-after-esophageal-cancer-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1318644166-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>What kind of nutritional process is followed after esophageal cancer surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1318644166-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1318644166-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>In the first days, feeding is provided intravenously or through a stomach tube. Oral feeding is started slowly; first liquids and then pur\u00e9ed foods are given. A special diet is required for a long time with dietitian support.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-793479123\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-793479123-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-does-weight-loss-occur-after-esophageal-cancer-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-793479123-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Does weight loss occur after esophageal cancer surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-793479123-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-793479123-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Yes, after surgery eating capacity decreases and digestion changes, so significant weight loss may occur in patients. Therefore, a high-calorie and protein-supported diet is recommended.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1297766944\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1297766944-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-long-does-difficulty-swallowing-last-after-esophageal-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1297766944-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How long does difficulty swallowing last after esophageal surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1297766944-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1297766944-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Difficulty swallowing is common in the first weeks, but most patients gradually adapt over time. If narrowing or leakage develops, additional intervention may be required. Endoscopic balloon dilation is a frequently used method.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2600184081\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2600184081-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-which-surgical-techniques-are-used-in-esophageal-cancer-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2600184081-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Which surgical techniques are used in esophageal cancer surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2600184081-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2600184081-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Transhiatal and transthoracic esophagectomy are the most common methods. Depending on the location of the tumor, a new esophagus may be created using the stomach, colon, or small intestine.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3071093254\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3071093254-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-is-quality-of-life-affected-after-esophageal-cancer-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3071093254-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How is quality of life affected after esophageal cancer surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3071093254-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3071093254-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Changes in eating habits, reflux, and swallowing difficulties may affect quality of life. However, after early diagnosis and successful surgery, patients can adapt well to normal life.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2975536436\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2975536436-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-long-does-it-take-to-be-discharged-after-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2975536436-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How long does it take to be discharged after surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2975536436-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2975536436-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>The hospital stay is usually 10\u201314 days. However, if complications develop, this period may be longer. Before discharge, the patient should have transitioned to oral feeding and show no signs of infection.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-4102757075\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-4102757075-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-chemotherapy-required-after-esophageal-cancer-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-4102757075-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Is chemotherapy required after esophageal cancer surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-4102757075-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-4102757075-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>If lymph node involvement is present or if the tumor could not be completely removed after surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy may be required. This decision is determined according to the pathology report and oncology evaluation.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-74070885\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-74070885-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-are-infection-and-leakage-risks-prevented-after-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-74070885-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How are infection and leakage risks prevented after surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-74070885-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-74070885-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Careful application of surgical techniques, the integrity of suture lines, and good nutrition of the patient reduce these risks. Close monitoring in the first days and, if necessary, endoscopic intervention can be performed.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3493994151\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3493994151-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-psychological-support-needed-after-esophageal-cancer-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3493994151-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Is psychological support needed after esophageal cancer surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3493994151-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3493994151-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Patients may experience physical challenges as well as emotional stress, anxiety, and depression. Psychological counseling and patient support groups provide major help during the recovery process.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3436869337\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3436869337-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-long-does-esophageal-cancer-surgery-take?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3436869337-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How Long Does Esophageal Cancer Surgery Take?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3436869337-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3436869337-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Esophageal cancer surgery generally takes between 4 and 8 hours depending on the surgical technique used. This duration may vary depending on the location of the tumor, its spread, and the patient\u2019s general health condition.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-654471246\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-654471246-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-which-department-or-doctor-should-be-consulted-for-esophageal-cancer?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-654471246-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Which Department or Doctor Should Be Consulted for Esophageal Cancer?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-654471246-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-654471246-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>For esophageal cancer, one should first consult the Gastroenterology or General Surgery department. If surgical treatment is required, General Surgery or in some cases Thoracic Surgery becomes involved.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-4036540875\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-4036540875-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-can-esophageal-cancer-be-completely-cured?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-4036540875-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Can esophageal cancer be completely cured?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-4036540875-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-4036540875-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>If esophageal cancer is detected at an early stage, complete cure may be possible with surgery and additional treatments. However, since most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, complete recovery is not always achieved, though the disease can be controlled.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3095809580\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3095809580-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-happens-if-esophageal-cancer-is-left-untreated?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3095809580-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>What happens if esophageal cancer is left untreated?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3095809580-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3095809580-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>If left untreated, the tumor grows, swallowing difficulty progressively worsens, and nutrition deteriorates. Over time, bleeding, severe weight loss, spread, and life-threatening complications may develop.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3986168729\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3986168729-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-is-life-expectancy-like-in-stage-3-esophageal-cancer?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3986168729-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>What is life expectancy like in stage 3 esophageal cancer?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3986168729-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3986168729-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>In stage 3, the disease has spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes. Life expectancy varies depending on the response to treatment, general health condition, and combined therapies used, and can be prolonged with early and effective treatment.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1797665762 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -40px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1966136599 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-892211768\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-892211768 {\n  padding-top: 45px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1193,"parent":1086,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-blank.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1194","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1194","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1194"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1194\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1220,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1194\/revisions\/1220"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1086"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dralperfindikcioglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}