Pleural effusion is a clinical condition characterized by the accumulation of excess fluid within the pleural space surrounding the lungs. This condition restricts lung expansion, impairs respiratory function, and, depending on the underlying disease, may lead to mild or severe respiratory failure.<\/p>\n
Symptoms of pleural effusion include shortness of breath, chest pain, dry cough, and exertional breathing difficulty. Physical examination may reveal diminished breath sounds. The diagnosis is confirmed using imaging methods such as chest X-ray, ultrasonography, and computed tomography.<\/p>\n
The causes of pleural effusion include systemic or localized diseases such as heart failure, pneumonia, tuberculosis, malignancies, and pulmonary embolism. Biochemical analysis of the pleural fluid plays a critical role in distinguishing between transudative and exudative effusions and identifying the underlying pathology.<\/p>\n
Treatment of pleural effusion is planned according to the underlying cause, and thoracentesis may be performed to drain the fluid when necessary. Antibiotic therapy is preferred in infection-related cases, while drainage procedures and pleurodesis may be used for malignant effusions. Early intervention improves prognosis.<\/p>\n